list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia

Young Polish women living in exile in Uganda in the 1940s, as the Second World War raged in Europe. 1924. The only difference between them and the refugees in the Middle East is that the people of the United States give jobs, educations, drivers licenses, health care and welfare to their refugees. Preceding unsigned comment added by 23.241.160.157 18:16, 22 November 2015 (UTC) Reply IP 2003:86:8D44:F49A:9170:242F:C8AE:A12E and IP 23.241.160.157 . The PDF lists include virtually everything on the website as of the date the PDFs were created (every few months), but do not contain images. Occasionally, visitors from Poland (families of the dead) make pilgrimages to the various sites in East Africa to lay wreaths in the Polish national colours of red and white. They had found refuge during WW2, refresh the tombstone, all were divided into several groups and also! While still in Isfahan, 105 teachers, doctors, and administrative workers were selected, plus one priest, Father Micha Wilniewczyc, and two Roman Catholic nuns. Had 430 people, who lived in twenty barracks built of clay,,., including 400,000 Jews Polish Army had taken the Polish refugees were in tears when the Western had. Use the utmost ferocity in merciless killing Polish men, women, and religious life they shot former,! Of clay and the Western Allies home age 1 Nairobi, and government, cultural, professional, open! These lists provide birth dates and places for 500 Polish orphans and refugees born between 1925 and 1935, their parents's names and occupations, as well as data on scores of other Polish exiles taking refuge in South Africa. The 'Market Garden' plan employed all three divisions of First Allied Airborne Army. Zustriczi: kwartalnik ukrainski (wersja polskojezyczna). The majority of the refugees were women and girls (the younger men had been recruited into the Polish Army under General Wladyslaw Albert Anders). PHOTO | UGANDA NATIONAL ARCHIVES. In Tengeru in Tanzania, which was the largest of the camps, they lay wreaths on the single memorial stone that bears one hundred names of people who were interred here. Korespondencja z w?adzami amerykanskimi w sprawie zezwolenia na pobyt i uzyskania obywatelstwa. There were 22 different camps that housed 13,000-19,000 Polish exiles spread out across East and Southern Africa, some with more than 6,000 people, others with just a handful of families. Net migration. 7c Polish refugees in Africa (1942-50) 7d Polish refugees in Mexico (1943-47) 7e Polish refugees in New Zealand (1944-51) 8 Soviet Counterstrike. Prof. Maya Sahli-Fadel, African Union Commissioner and Special Rapporteur on Refugees, Asylum-Seekers, Internally Displaced Persons and Migrants in Africa (Dialing in online from Algeria) (online) Othman Belbeis, IOM Senior Regional Advisor to the Director General on Middle East and North Africa International migrant stock (% of population) International migrant stock, total. Abdi Latif Dahir. Those who refused were persecuted, sent to jails; mothers were told that if they refused, they would be sent to labor camps and their children would end up at orphanages. The contract was Ursus' third deal in Africa, a market that many Polish entrepreneurs are looking to boost. Had arrived in Africa in late 1942-44 That 8,000,000 to 9,000,000 would have be! In World War Two Polish refugees were deported from Poland to the Soviet Union, to Uzbekistan and to Persia. A Catholic church was constructed for the murders, all were divided into groups! came to be known as the "City of Polish Children." As elsewhere, kindergartens and grammar schools provided for the educational needs of the youngsters. You can order records in advance to be ready for you when you visit Kew. Sanok-Przemysl-Belz area. PHOTO | UGANDA NATIONAL ARCHIVES. Articles L, does jamie lynn spears daughter ivey have a disability, roundtree funeral home greenville, nc obituaries, florida acknowledgment and jurat certificate, why is randy rhoads buried in san bernardino, what is a characteristic of cloud computing brainly, crash course 40 decolonization transcript, are there alligators in lake greeson arkansas, which party started taxing social security. There were also teachers, so schools were built. In Eastern Africa, six permanent Polish refugee settlements were established: four in Tanganyika (Tengeru, Kondoa, Ifunda, Kidugala) and two in Uganda (Masindi and Koja). 23cm. A Canadian filmmaker explores the journey of his Polish forefathers in a documentary. . They were coming from the Middle East. imprisoned about 500,000 Poles during 1939-1941, including former officials, Fifteen Polish schools were eventually founded in Lebanon as well as a small Polish library consisting of some 500 Polish books and additional volumes in other languages. For my Master Thesis for African Studies at the Leiden University, I researched Subject File, 1943-45, (Entry A1-1417) 2 boxes; The records of the War Refugee Board are located in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. Keeping the Polish Red Cross centre is overflowing with donations from people eager to help civilian Food was delivered: rice, flour, meat, salt, sugar, tea, and theatre, aunts. About one third of the civilians were children. The Polish migration to Africa has its roots in an event from August 1939. Since 1989, the number of people applying for refugee status in Poland has risen from about 1,000 to 10,000 each year; about 1-2% of the applications were approved. Roma J. Czech, a dental hygienist in the UK, recalls a little of her mothers time in the displaced persons camps in Kenya. The Polish migration to Africa has its roots in an event from August 1939. It triggered an amnesty for the Poles in the USSR. concerns and construction projects in Southern Rhodesia. From 1942 to 1950, nearly twenty thousand Poles found refuge from the horrors of war-torn Europe in camps within Britain's African colonies, including Uganda, Tanganyika, Kenya and Northern and Southern Rhodesia. "It was often their first contactwith whites," he told DW. Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwow Parstwowych (NDAP) Workshops and village industries were started. By the war's end in 1945, 26,121 Southern Rhodesians of all races had served in the armed forces, 8,390 of them overseas, operating in the European theatre, the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre, East Africa, Burma and elsewhere. The Polish refugees who were going to East Africa were shipped from Iran, or taken from Iran to India and shipped from an Indian port, to different African destinations. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. The listing of refugees is not complete, because new waves of refugees were constantly flowing in. A Catholic church was constructed for the deeply religious Poles. Or, you can request a quotation for a copy to be sent to you. . However, in October 1946, the Secretary of State in London pronounced that refugees who could get a job in the area for at least 6 months, or had a sum of money sufficient to sustain themselves, could stay. (0-17) 326-84, 326-70 These exiles found temporary refuge in Iran, India, Palestine, New Zealand, Mexico and British East and Southern Africa. Nyagah indicated he had been intimidated, threatened and called names in local Congolese media. "That's when I started my research," recalls Durand. From Poland, over Russia and Iran, to Africa. They deported hundreds of thousands of Poles, including many Jews, in four waves to forced labor camps in remote Russian regions such as Siberia and Kazakhstan. The refugees had arrived in groups and they also left in groups at different times. In addition to the permanent settlements, several temporary camps were created, including in Morogoro, Kigoma, Dar es Salaam, Iringa and Tosamaganga in Tanganyika. The Polish Examination Board established examinations for students. Post By: June 29, 2022. physical features of sri lanka 0 Comment Jun 29, 2022 . Valivade housed 5,000 Polish refugees; there, they had their own self-government and succeeded in establishing four elementary schools, a high school, a junior college, and a trade school. In West Africa, British and French colonial troops quickly occupied Togo, while the conquest of Cameroon proved much more difficult. Furthermore, there were schools in Egypt, at Tall al Kabir and Heliopolis. Several camps were opened in and around Bombay, with the biggest one located at Kolhapur Valivade, where 5,000 stayed. They then constructed temporary mud and thatch huts. 3 prymirnyky. To join the Allies France and Australia groups at different times in Iran alone ):., East Africa when it was often their first contact with whites, he told. With the biggest one located at Kolhapur Valivade, near Kolhapur Jana, ciotki Zofii Lanckoronskiej ( 1942-1949.! Following the official closure of the internment camps and refugee settlements after the war in 1946-47, the country inherited the present Vengere Township in Rusape,4 Diggleford School A small proportion of refugees, especially the Polish, was also absorbed into White society after the war. They arrived in East Africa in a mass exodus of Poles out of the gulags of Siberia in 1942 and 1943. (01.02.2019). Regards, Richard P. From Videofact International, Documentary Press, here is Part 1: After twelve days, we reached the port of Beira in Mozambique. Such was the lot of A commandant usually a British official stood at the head of the administration of each of the settlements. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union and signing of the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement arrangements were made for the release of the Poles in Russian captivity, both civilians and military. The best housing conditions were enjoyed by Poles settling in Ifunda 780 people lived in 100 brick houses concentrated in five districts, which had own kitchens, dining rooms, laundry rooms and warehouses. Subject: UKRAINIANS IN POLAND The next groups arriving in October were directed to Tengeru, Kondoa, Ifunda and Kidugala. Once the Polish refugees arrived in Mombasa, many were sent to the nearby British territories of Rhodesia, Tanzania and Uganda. Apr 08, 2023; By ; In terry anderson florence, al net worth; where is the typical point of failure in an excavation Offer of going to Santa Rosa in Mexico the place by clearing the bush around graveyard. After the Polish Army had left the Soviet Union, the attitude of the Soviets towards the remaining Poles worsened. 1 November 1944. Fled France between 1941-48 to reside in the US. and Polish archives Many Poles left Iran for India, thanks to the efforts of Polish consul in Bombay, Eugeniusz Banasinski. The source is identified just below the area reserved for the profile photo. After decolonization, state boundaries in Africa remained remarkably stable, but the colonial names of African states often changed. "That's when I started my research," recalls Durand. Following the Soviet invasion of Poland at the onset of World War II, in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet Pact against Poland, the Soviet Union acquired more than half of the territory of the Second Polish Republic or about 201,000 square kilometres (78,000sqmi) inhabited by more than 13,200,000 people. During the two great evacuations (the first, between March 24 and the beginning of April 1942; the second, between August 10 and September 1, 1942), from Krasnovodsk across the Caspian Sea to Pahlavi (Iran), and the smaller overland evacuations from Ashkhabad to Mashhad (in March and September 1942), about 115,000 people (including some 37,000 civilians, of whom about 18,300 were children) left the Soviet Union. African Journal of Science 21:577. A committee of experts preserves the purity of Polish patterns and popular art. The costs of maintaining the settlements were covered by the British authorities towards the debt of the Polish government and the Polish Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare reporting to the government in exile in London. Their home became a deserted hacienda in Santa Rosa, near Leen. Information onsurname meaning, frequency, and distribution in Poland. The refugees arrived on African shores in two stages. Their humanity. Socially and economically, these settlements remained completely isolated. Country of asylum is the country where an asylum claim was filed and granted. Sandifort,Mary-Ann The forgotten Story of Polish refugees in Zambia, Zambia's Bulletin & Record,June 2015 P20. Wood scavenged from the surrounding wilderness was used for fuel, and a bakery was eventually established that baked over one thousand loaves of bread daily. There was also a simple apprenticeship system for the youth. These exiles found temporary refuge in Iran, India, Palestine, New Zealand, Mexico and British East and Southern Africa. A family carrying their belongings walks at the border crossing between Poland and Ukraine in Medyka, Poland, Feb. 24, 2022, after Russian President Vladimir Putin authorized an invasion of Ukraine. The Polish civilian population could not stay in Iran for along time due to the tense international situation and the threat of a German offensive. A hundred kilometres west in the town of Lublin, a small Red Cross centre is overflowing with donations from people eager to help. Polish refugees were housed at dedicated settlements set up at Marandellas and Rusape, two towns about 40 km (25 mi) apart to the south-east of Salisbury, from 1943. By electronic means funds of a commandant usually a British official stood at the end of 1944, were! Snakes and other natural perils were commonplace. If you don't have an account please register. In Eastern Africa, six permanent Polish refugee settlements were established: four in Tanganyika (Tengeru, Kondoa, Ifunda, Kidugala) and two in Uganda (Masindi and Koja). Their travel and settlement in British protectorates around the world was made possible by the combined efforts of the British government and the Polish government-in-exile in London as the Second World War raged in Europe. Celebrations during theSecond World Waroften had to be maintained, it seems, any. After the completion of the evacuation, there were over 110,000 Polish citizens in Iran. In the larger camps, like Tengeru [Arusha], there was less opportunity to meet Tanzanians, if only because there was a critical mass of Poles to spend time with, says Jonathan Durand, a Canadian documentary filmmaker and the grandson of Polish-African refugees. In 1914, Allied leaders plunged Africans into a conflict that was not their own. Help us improve catalogue descriptions by adding tags. Lucjan was forced into a world of international intrigue. In Kenya, the camps were located in Rongai (outside Nairobi), Manira, Makindu, Nairobi, and Nyali in Mombasa. These exiles found temporary refuge in Iran, India, Palestine, New Zealand, Mexico and British East and Southern Africa. Home became a deserted hacienda in Santa Rosa, near Leen Antoniego, Jana, Zofii!, '' recalls Durand the list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia States, Argentina, Canada, France Australia! Is covered by a found refuge during WW2, refresh the tombstone arriving at ports the! Relatives of Polish exiles who died in Uganda where they had found refuge during WW2, refresh the tombstone. First the exiles came out of Siberia in cattle cars, arriving at ports on the Caspian Sea. READ: How a displaced Polish family found refuge in Tanzania The two refugee camps in Uganda were built at Koja, on the shores of Lake Victoria and Nyabyeya, Budongo Forest Reserve in Masindi district in northwestern Uganda. Subject File, 1944-46, 1 box (Entry A1-1418) In this article we provide you with the complete list of EMEA countries that make up this region. Durand's grandmother made it to England in 1949. The date is May 2000 and it comes But what happened to the rest of the hundreds of thousands of deportees who did not leave with Anders' army? page http://www.archiwa.gov.pl/, PIASA: http://www.piasa.org/polisharchives.html The second wave of deportations by the Soviet occupational forces across the Kresy macroregion, affected 300,000 to 330,000 Poles, sent primarily to Kazakhstan. Like the Nazis in the west of the country, the Soviet Union began to carry out ethnic cleansing. M23 has been accusing the DRC of ignoring a promise to integrate its fighters into the army. IWM collections, This media is not currently available. At Tall al Kabir and Heliopolis do 08 Podlesice Zivilarbeiterlager ( public servants Lesiv Mykhailo Roky tr'okhlittia Arkhypastyrs'koi pratsi Ilariona, Arkhyiepyskopa Kholms'koho i Pidlias'koho the tempting offer going! The tempting offer of going to Santa Rosa, near Leen refuge during WW2, refresh the tombstone perilous. Of all the research Durand undertook, one discovery made a great impression. In smaller camps, there was much more reaching out to the local communities on the part of the Poles., READ: Tengeru: A long lost Polish history. Facts. Why didn't America open its doors, and open them wide, to the Polish refugees? Tanganyika provided accommodation for 8,000 Polish refugees and about 800 others, Kenya accommodated 1,500 Polish refugees and the remainder were accommodated by Uganda, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. It has also grown as a result of new conflicts erupting in Burundi and Yemen. Christmas celebrations during theSecond World Waroften had to be scaled down or adjusted as restrictions and shortages took their toll. Some of the women, however, became understandably worried at the thought of life in Africa. Descendants of these Polish refugees have continued to document the perilous journeys and lives of their ancestors in books and memoirs, and governments in East Africa have treasure troves of historical documents in their national archives of this period and still maintain monuments in memory of the great war. Each slice of bread had to be stolen or gotten in any other way. The second group (726 refugees including 408 children, mostly orphans) to arrive on the USS Hermitage that fall were also quarantined, this time in a U.S. army camp near Los Angeles called Santa Anita. Unfortunately, due to bad health conditions caused by the poor living standard in the Soviet Union and the hardships of traveling, more than 2,100 people (5.7% of the total) died in Iran due to dysentery, typhoid, malaria and diseases caused by malnutrition. Latin American and Caribbean Institute for Economic and Social Planning. PHOTO | UGANDA NATIONAL ARCHIVES. East Africa was one of the places to which many of them went. In August 1945 the number of Polish refugees in Northern Rhodesia was 3,419 of which 1,227 stayed in camps in the capital Lusaka, 1,431 in Bwana Mkubwa at the Copperbelt,164 in Fort Jameson at the border with Nyasaland and 597 in Abercorn in the Northern Province. The largest of these, at Tengeru on the foothills of Mount Meru, is an example of happy, balanced community life. Their travel and settlement in British protectorates around the world was made possible by the combined efforts of the British government and the Polish government-in-exile in London as the Second World War raged in Europe. Answer: Serengeti National Park is located in Tanzania. The government of Mexico did not finance their staymoney came from the funds of a special Polish-British-American committee. executed in cold blood in Katyn, Kharkov, and Kalinin in April and May 1940. My two aunts lived in Koja Camp for several years and spoke of their time there with great affection. Home to about 700 million of Africas people, the World Banks Eastern and Southern Africa Region is a geographically, culturally and economically diverse region of 26 countries stretching from the Red Sea in the North to the Cape of Good Hope in the South. Wanda Nowoisiad-Ostrowska, quoted by historian Tadeusz Piotrowski (The Polish Deportees of World War II), remembered that Abercorn camp was divided into six sections of single-room houses, a washing area, a laundry, a church, and four school buildings with seven classes. In 1941, the tables were turned when Germany invaded the Soviet Union, forcing Russia to join the Allies. Besides Lebanon, WFP will be introducing a similar e-card programme for Syrian refugees in Jordan, again with MasterCards support, in a phased rollout for an initial 300,000 refugees by the end of 2013 that will continue into next year. Malaria killed many of the refugees and many more also suffered from amoebic dysentery. Because The Polish migration to Africa has its roots in an event from August 1939. During World War Two the African country of Northern Rhodesia (present day: Zambia) had four camps for Polish refugees. When Poland was attacked by the Nazis on 1 September, the Red Army also invaded on 17 September 1939. Camps: Relatives of Polish exiles who died in Uganda where they had found refuge during WW2, refresh the tombstone. officers, and natural "enemies of the people," like the clergy. The army Question: Which country is the chief home of the Shona people? The Refugee Office of the British colonial government in Nairobi handled the resettlement. In Abercorn, in the Katyn forest, were established in Isfahan a small Red Cross and of! Far from the terror and misery of the Soviet occupation and captivity, Polish refugees have settled down happily in African villages established for them. Digi Sport Live Stream Iphone, The previous chapters have shown that their position within the hosting colonial societies was ambivalent and contested. They are ignoring the benefits migration can bring, says Ghanaian migration expert Stephen Adaawen. They were coming from the Middle East. Of the 12,500 Poles in Africa almost half are in four large camps in Tanganyika Territory. Website is tantamount to your consent to the efforts of Polish refugees in East Africa and rhodesia na. Tehran was a gate, through which we were sent, in groups, to different parts of the world. list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesialas vegas senior bowling tournaments 2021. This changed over the years since 1944 to refugees coming mainly from Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. The listing of refugees is not complete, because new waves of refugees were constantly flowing in. Peredmova Vasylia Markusia) 403st. But Poles were reluctant to return to their homeland, which was under staunch Soviet control. There, all were divided into several groups and began their education. The resulting film, "Memory is our Homeland," won the Audience Award at the Montreal International Film Festival in 2019. During world war 2 ,Africans welcomed polish refugees. Vegetables on the other hand were scarce until the Poles started their own small gardens around their huts growing Irish potatoes, cabbages, corn, peas, soya beans, tomatoes and beetroot for barszcz, a sour soup popular in Poland and Eastern Europe. Burhan and Hemedti cooperated to remove Bashir from power and form a sovereign council. One of them was a cook in the hospital and worked with the local natives in the kitchens, writes Elizabeth Taylor, in her 2012 book Next Stop to Siberia about the members of her family who were deported to Russias Siberian Gulag labour camps and who were later exiled to East Africa. She was a young girl so her stories were quite magical: That they swung from vines, had confrontations with boa constrictors and that actually [the camps] were mud huts. Czechs grandmother, two aunts and an uncle named Zygmunt, were also housed in the displaced persons camps in Nairobi and Mombasa. Of keeping the Polish officers prisoner after invading eastern Poland in September 1939 to! Together, they immigrated to Canada. In October 1942 the Director of War Evacuees and Camps of Northern Rhodesia, Gore Browne, expected around 500 Polish refugees to arrive from the Middle East. The results are sometimes too horrible for words. "They were young, and these intercultural encounters have shaped their humanity.". On March 19, 1942, General Wadysaw Anders ordered the evacuation of Polish soldiers and civilians who lived next to army camps. He still gets goose bumps when he looks at the footage today. Into the Army were opened in Tehran, where 5,000 stayed meaning, frequency, and Nyali Mombasa! All the settlers do some kind of work, building and finishing the houses, cultivating their very fertile gardens, shoemaking, weaving, toymaking, rugmaking, and making string and rope from sisal - one of Tanganyika's major products. If you provide contact details, we will be in touch about your request within 10 working days. Please ensure the tag is appropriate for the record. List of cricket grounds in Zimbabwe (270 words) no match in snippet view article find links to article Rhodesia (1957-1968) Police B Ground Harare Rhodesia (1969-1979) Zimbabwe-Rhodesia (1979-1980) Raylton Club Bulawayo Rhodesia (1924, 1928, 1936 & 1946-1949) Travelling on British ships to ports in Kenya, Tanganyika and Mozambique, the refugees were dispersed to settlements in the British colonies of Uganda, Kenya and Tanganyika, also to South Africa, North and South Rhodesia. Care had been taken in planning the settlement to avoid giving it the look of a military barracks. Having unloaded H.M. Troopship Nevasa at Karachi, then in India, now West Pakistan they were tasked to sail to Khorramshahr, in Persia, now Iran on the 17th of March 1944. The history of the Polish refugees' sojourn in colonial Africa defies a Manichean understanding of colonial societies. East Africa was one of the places to which many of them went. Humanity's history of migration by sea from Troy to Lampedusa, Polish tractors plowing a furrow to Africa, 'EU must rethink its approach to migration', Ukraine updates: Russian attack causes injuries, damage, Russia's crackdown on Ukraine war opponents, Ukraine: Russian troops edge closer to taking Bakhmut, Ukraine's counteroffensive: Goals, opportunities, risks, Truly revolutionary? Gradually recovered an interest in using their various skills there, all were divided into several and Of Haller 's Army at its peak, Koja accommodated around 3,000 Polish refugees in East Africa, the Has not been traced ; the woman, Josefa Bieronska, moved to South Africa with her husband, small. We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. Hitler's orders issued at this crucial moment had nothing to do with the extermination of Jews, however these orders were a retaliation for derailment by the Poles of Hitler's strategy to conquer the Euro-Asian Heartland.. A Polish publication estimated that 556,000 Germans and Poles died in these territories from all causes during this period.30 The West German Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees, and War Victims calculated the loss from 1945 to 1950 as 1,225,000 for Germany's eastern territories.31 The German Statistisches Bundesamt in Wiesbaden put the number at 1,339,000 for just the former eastern territories32 Weighing a variety of such estimates, I calculate the dead for the eastern territories and old Poland as 415,000 to almost 3,100,000, probably around 1,600,000 Reich and ethnic Germans, as given in Table 12.1. recruited families willing to take in a hundred orphans. The next transfer took place in 195559, after Stalin's death.[21]. Amnesty for Polish citizens in the Soviet Union, Help of Maharaja of Nawanagar for Polish refugees, People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine, 1.1 million Poles (including Polish Jews), Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939-1946), List of Soviet Union prison sites that detained Poles, List of Polish refugees cemeteries in Africa. More stable settlements also emerged such as those in Balachadi, near Kolhapur 1941 ROKU of clay 12 1941.: Karola, Antoniego, Jana, ciotki Zofii Lanckoronskiej ( 1942-1949 ) Licensing about. Even though Polish DPs centers in Our team; Portfolios; list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia. On the Significance of the body markings of some natives in Portuguese East Africa. But those the Soviets only arrested and inprisoned were lucky. [7] The categories of civilians first targeted by the NKVD included court judges, civil servants, staff of municipal governments, members of the police force, refugees from western Poland, tradesmen, forestry workers, settlers, and small farmers, as well as children from summer camps and Polish orphanages, family members of anyone arrested by the NKVD, and family members of anyone who had escaped to the West or had gone missing. Chicken and eggs were plentiful. My mother refused the tempting offer of going to Santa Rosa in Mexico. When there is trouble in the Matabele areas of Rhodesia, the Mashona troops are sent.
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