caddo nation chairman

They hunted and gathered wild plants, as well. Kevin Stitt started his second term by calling tribal leaders to invite them to his inauguration. Some 6,000 people are enrolled in the nation, with 3,044 living within the state of Oklahoma. An old Caddo man carried a drum, a pipe, and fire, all of which have continued to be important religious items to the people. In October 2013, Smith and his supporters broke into the Caddo Nation headquarters. BOBBY GONZALEZ (Caddo), CNEDA Chairman ZACKEREE KELIN (Cadd0), CNEDA Vice-Chairman DAVID BOGLE (Cherokee) OPERATIONS TEAM DON KELIN (Caddo), Business Advisor Paula Anderson (Caddo/Kiowa), Administrator Meet CNEDA ZACKEREE S. KELIN (CADDO) Zackeree S. Kelin is the founding partner of Davis Kelin Law Firm LLC Contact Us Having given way over years before the power of the former Ohio Valley tribes, the later Caddo negotiated for peace with the waves of Spanish, French, and finally Anglo-American settlers. [25] In 1859, many of the Caddo were relocated to Indian Territory north of Texas (which became as state of Oklahoma in 1907). 67, No. They would make wooden mortars, as well as pots and other utensils out of clay. As the Caddo peoples had no acquired immunity to such new diseases, they suffered epidemics with high fatalities that decimated the tribal populations. In 1880, Wilson became a peyote roadman. Caddo oral history of their creation story says the tribe emerged from a cave, called Chahkanina or "the place of crying," located at the confluence of the Red River of the South and Mississippi River in northern present-day Louisiana. storic Preservation Officer 5 . Men favored temporary body modifications such as the painting of skin, jewelry, ear piercing, or hair decorations, like braids, mixed in with bird feathers or animal fur. Stitt and tribal leaders say they now want to find common ground. They hunted and gathered wild plants, as well. These foods held cultural significance, as did wild turkeys. The Comanche Nation headquarters is located just north of Lawton, Oklahoma. Disclaimer: The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) first developed the Tribal Leaders Directory as an internal reference document for its employees. They speak the Caddo language. Among such settlements are the present-day communities of Elysian Fields and Nacogdoches, Texas, and Natchitoches, Louisiana. After the Civil War, the Caddo were concentrated on a reservation located between the Washita and Canadian rivers in Indian Territory. The opposition called the Bureau of Indian Affairs Police. Early priests drank a purifying sacrament drink made of wild olive leaves. x{US+\*sjIV4{:LOalr,~K;~RI-cv})UJzsRHF9tT1Q=JF\2*:DtQtcAoOczm\m zOVoj.|KqRd=x#g9|$:^@'T-s%rL(e|T*Z]=n4f~hwv@2&6 SGj+B3Et:Y@ [3] Individuals are required to document at least 1/16 Caddo ancestry in order to enroll as citizens. 134, 12 July 2002, Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Caddo Indian. - Executive Summary by Harvard Law funding of American Rescue Plan Act for American Indian Tribal Governments, Bobby Gonzalez, Principal Executive Officer. Leaders directed the construction of major earthworks known as platform mounds, which served as temple mounds and platforms for residences of the elite. Read More Contact Bobby Gonzalez's Phone Number and Email Last Update 3/13/2023 5:12 AM Email b***@transcanada.com Engage via Email Contact Number (***) ***-**** Engage via Phone Mobile Number (***) ***-**** Engage via Mobile 2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory. powers and I am a great-great- granddaughter of Chief Whitebread; great granddaughter to Ralph and Ellen Murrow; granddaughter of Kenneth and Melva Jean Beaver Smith and daughter of Marion Bunky Beaver-Howell. Williams was an enthusiastic Turkey Dance partner. We are excited to honor the legacy of McKees and the Susan Peters Gallery, and look forward to breathing new life into the establishments to convey our vibrant indigenous community. Phil provided Caddo stories . Tobacco was also cultivated, and was and is used ceremonially. The purpose of this organization shall be: Section 1. Over time, the Caddo Nation has maintained cultural practices such as unique songs and dances, material culture and language. After the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, by which the United States took over the former French colonial territory west of the Mississippi River, the US government sought to ally with the Caddo peoples. Box 487 Binger, OK 73009 SUBJECT: NOTIFICATION AND REQUEST FOR CONSULTATION REGARDING . ANADARKO, Okla. - As the COVID-19 vaccine now becomes available to children 5 - 11, local tribes are now stressing the importance to vaccinate to keep their communities safe.State tribal and . Chairman Tamara Francis is the daughter of the first elected female chairman, Mary Pat Francis. Following the wishes of the Caddo Indian Nation, headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma, the city of Norman relocated the sewage plant, and the remains and artifacts were reburied; in April 1989, Chairman Elmo Clark of the Caddo Nation led a religious ceremony on the grounds. Then lightly settled by Mexican colonists, this area was being rapidly transformed by greatly increased immigration of European Americans. An old Caddo man carried with him a drum, a pipe, and fire, all of which have continued to be important religious items to the people. Vice Chairman, CBRE. These were already important hubs in the Great Plains trading network well before the 18th and 19th centuries. Here is what some tribal leaders had to say about their decision to attend and how they hope to work with Stitt in the future: The show of tribal leadership conveys a deep respect for the democratic process. See blog post for full story and photos. She is the fourth elected female leader of the Caddo Nation), John Wilson (1840-1901), Caddo peyote roadman, Sho-e-tat (Little Boy) or George Washington (1816-1883), Louisiana Caddo leader, A stirrup dance by the Caddo Culture Club, Caddo National Complex, Binger, 2008, Caddo dancers, members of the Caddo Cultural Club, Binger, Oklahoma, 2008, Oklahoma City Representative: Jennifer Wilson. Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Caddo Nation, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. It also operates an administrative center, dance grounds, several community centers, the Caddo Nation Heritage Museum, and an active NAGPRA office, located south of Binger. In July 2016, Tamara M. Francis was re-elected as the Chairman of the Caddo Nation. When they first encountered Europeans and Africans, the Caddo tribes organized themselves in three confederacies: the Natchitoches, Hasinai, and Kadohadacho. White Texans violently attacked a Caddo encampment just off the reservation on December 26, 1858. WASHINGTON: 1938. . Stitt, and all state leaders. I started and completed a renovation of the old facility I had been going to since I was a child. [21] De Soto's force had a violent clash with one band of Caddo Indians, the Tula people, near present-day Caddo Gap, Arkansas. These tools were viewed with such reverence that men and women were buried with the items that they had made. As people and accompanying animals emerged, the wolf looked back. Swanton, John R. "Source Material on the History and Ethnology of the Caddo Indians. Influenza and malaria also devastated the Caddo. Complete information Caddo. The tribe had known the Half Moon peyote ceremony, but Wilson introduced the Big Moon ceremony to them. In a special election on 29 June 2002, the tribe adopted six amendments to the constitution. Hello, Caddo family. Aug 23, 2019 - Apache Caddo Indian girl, Native Americans, kids, J T Morrow Pow Wow, Binger, Oklahoma. She was the fourth elected female leader of the Caddo Nation. In July 2016, Tamara M. Francis was re-elected as the Chairman of the Caddo Nation. [9], By 1000 CE, a society that is defined by archaeologists as "Caddoan" had emerged. RATIFIED JANUARY 17, 1938 UNITED STATES GOV'ERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. The Representatives come from four districts with high populations of Caddo people. Caddo Nation of Oklahoma added 11 new photos to the album: 2021 Candidates for Caddo Nation Council. While the women of the tribe still wore jewelry and styled their hair similarly to men, most female were interested in the art of tattooing the body. See blog post for full story and photos. The allotment system was intended to extinguish tribal Native American land claims to enable admission of Oklahoma as a state and assimilate Native Americans into the majority culture. They were descendants of the Caddoan Mississippian culture that constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory. They adopted a written constitution and a process of electing officials. The Caddo vigorously opposed allotment. By 1200, the many villages, hamlets, and farmsteads established throughout the Caddo world had developed extensive maize agriculture, producing a surplus that allowed for greater density of settlement. The Tribal Council is composed of eight members: Chairperson, Vice Chairperson, Secretary, Treasurer, Anadarko Representative, Binger Representative, Fort Cobb Representative and an Oklahoma City Representative. Bobby Gonzalez A+ Tribal Liaison (US) at TC Energy Bobby Gonzalez is a Chairman at Caddo Nation based in Binger, Oklahoma. [31][32], In the January 2015 elections, all the top tribal positions were won by women: Tamara Michele Francis as chair, Carol D. Ross as vice chair, Jennifer Reeder as secretary, and Wildena G. Moffer as treasurer.[33]. [29], Sometimes, severe disagreements have developed among factions of the tribe that have not been resolved in elections. We welcome opportunities to work together for the betterment of those who call Oklahoma home. Gov. The Caddo and other Native American peoples suffered greatly from the disruption of their traditional cultures, and lost much of their lands in the decades after allotment. Modern Caddo perspective on the forced land cession: With the removal from Louisiana, better yet removal from the United States, the government did not want us living in the US. 1942. Descendants of the historic Caddo tribes, with documentation of at least 116 ancestry, are eligible to enroll as members in the Caddo Nation. Looking for U.S. government information and services? In 1976, they drafted a new constitution, which continues elected representative government. . 6 MCKEES INDIAN STORE / pg. Kate Crowley . Fford, Cressida, Jane Hubert, and Paul Turnbull. Chairman Gonzalez provided his update. NV1m7~Fb"m:+ dEzJ.69:Myl>2J;V]nUtYSJBX]ZnfZ0i8^'vQ{ d:. b`~yx/Ke|DsE|~b/-07gze`edCipBJth:x2' tM>puQs#Tld1jC>)C1)h%~:'3N3*:8*MiRRcS@/`-ECOgBp 81d"n t(:hCs1#/g*xE[]q @7[zqLO,H$ RLg_JHHneH ^a.qKbc?JA>@o:fq\[;OeQ73h#Rh5XN8Kx&B9L@ rlq,F:ORxQZ%P`05)k 2}I3%wsU4oM:rKO]>3O$?*L5+Ll82ueLqvEaM),B_]1.{jF1:a@=k{BmF.b35|iHQnt[Qw+MbC=VsF/1 < &YMxz2s6s({4r]1xbn6Z%|>#rpKUWRx9hD3XHH7F}ql'2Z/uTmjX\=-Z5P!,s.KRTqEH4drz"LzlzsFT[[ MIpyWfj3AwEjj,w "EDE>]4 8UNT%hlrWN Poverty, drug abuse and suicide have come of it, she said. [2] A Caddo woman, Zacado, instructed the tribe in hunting, fishing, building dwellings, and making clothing. "Tejas-Caddo Fundamentals-Caddo Timeline", "Tejas-Caddo Fundamentals-Caddoan Languages and Peoples". Updated: October 8, 2020. We immediately began the arduous process of changing over the points of contact and authorized agents thats required for the Nation to apply for this new round of funding. This faction conducted a new election, but the victor stepped down, and Edwards refused to leave office. Timothy K. Perttula. Early priests drank a purifying sacrament made of wild olive leaves. Vice-Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer and District Representatives. Chairman Tamara Francis is the daughter of the first elected female Chairman, Mary Pat Francis. I stand for this idea irrespective of who holds political office in the state and without fear or favor. McKees first opened in 1962. At the same time, tribal governments were to be ended, and Native Americans were to be accepted as US citizens, subject to state and federal laws. This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 21:05. The tribal constitution provides for election of an eight-person council, with a chairperson. K@y&c+Mn|$,7x=2p"g! O8 c>'{ A large part of my position as the Director was not just overseeing staff and projects/programs, but also grant writing. In August 2013, a group led by Philip Smith attempted to recall Brenda Shemayme Edwards, the chairman of the Tribal Council. Among such settlements are the present-day communities of Elysian Fields and Nacogdoches, Texas, and Natchitoches, Louisiana. [20], The Caddo also decorated their bodies. In these villages, artisans and craftsmen developed specialties. Back in August 1997, the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma had submitted a Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) claim . Explore. Some experiences are hard to shake when all seems lost. Advisory Committee. It sponsors a summer culture camp for children. Molly Young covers Indigenous affairs for the USA Today Network's Sunbelt Region. Job Postings Caddo Census 2023 Caddo Census 2023 Contact Vice Chairman, Kelly Factor Vice Chairman, Kelly Factor (405) 656-2344 [email protected] PO Box 487 Binger, OK 73009 I'd like to hear from you. This vigilante group led by Captain Peter Garland was a vigilante force from Erath County. [11] The Caddo were farmers and enjoyed good growing conditions most of the time. The exit from the underground closed to the remaining people and animals. They will be posted on mycaddonation.com shortly. It quickly became one of Indian Affairs' most requested documents, and is now used by federal, state and local governments, news media, businesses, researchers, and the general public as a resource to help them connect with Indian Country. (LockA locked padlock) Were always going to be here. French explorers in the early 18th century encountered the Natchitoche in northern Louisiana. Since its discovery in the 1960s, researchers have debated the meaning of the skull-and-mandible cemetery, as it has come to be known. My mother was raised in Binger. It truly was a I dont care where you go, you just cant stay here. The treaty was careful to ensure that the government did not allot any land for those Caddo forced out of Shreveport and the United States. Caddo Nation statement on Facebook Chairman Bobby Gonzalez represented the nation at the inauguration. Community News Employment News, Events, Announcements News, Events, Announcements [14], The Caddo peoples moved west along the Red River, which they called Bah'hatteno in Caddo. [28] In 1976, they drafted a new constitution, which continues elected representative government. By 1200, the many villages, hamlets, and farmsteads established throughout the Caddo world had developed extensive maize agriculture, producing a surplus that allowed for greater density of settlement. No. including chairman . While hunting, the men used handcrafted bows and arrows to hunt animals such as wild turkey, quail, rabbits, bears, and buffalo during winter months. Land-hungry migrants pressed from the east. [14] A cycle of ceremonies developed around important periods of seasonal corn cultivation. While understandably politically attractive, Indian Country can point to case after case in which financial settlements or payouts have been distributed, dissipated, and thus lost to the larger goals of community revitalization." The Piney Woods, the geographic area where they lived, was affected by the Great Drought from 12761299 CE, which covered an area extending to present-day California and disrupted many Native American cultures. Besides the tools for searching for animals, most tools and items were made by women. The Hasinai Society and Caddo Culture Club both teach and perform Caddo songs and dances to keep the tradition alive and pass it on to the next generations. They organized in 1938 as the 'Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma.' They adopted a written constitution and a process of electing officials. Caddo Nation of Oklahoma on June 26, 1976, and recognized by the Secretary of the Interior, the Tribal Council of the Caddo Nation has . Leaders of at least 12 tribal nations attended his inauguration. A successful Oklahoma is good for Cherokee Nation, and vice versa. Principal Chief Chuck Hoskin Jr. The tribes have always felt that the state of Oklahoma is just as relevant and precious to the tribes as it is to any elected official, because we were not coming and going. On December 29, 1845, Texas was admitted to the US as a state. In July 2016, Tamara M. Francis was re-elected as the Chairman of the Caddo Nation. Tensions within their tribe resulted in near civil war among the Creek. As the Caddo peoples had no acquired immunity to such new diseases, they suffered epidemics with high fatalities that decimated the tribal populations. This faction conducted a new election, but the victor stepped down, and Edwards refused to leave office. By the 17th century, the Caddo had established permanent villages in territories including southwestern Arkansas, northwestern Louisiana, northeastern Texas and southeastern Oklahoma. See blog for more info. The goods, horses and money they were promised were never delivered. The Spiro Mounds, near the Arkansas River in present-day southeastern Oklahoma, were some of the most elaborate mounds in the United States. The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. They built mounds and maintained central places of worship throughout their villages and ceremonial centers. The men took over the duties of hunting year round, while the young and healthy women were in charge of the gathering of the tribe. Executive Director Covington advised that Caddo Nation Chairman Bobby Gonzalez contacted the District to request from the Bois d'Arc Lake Project Team 2 to 5 acres of land for a camp or similar usage for the Caddo school children. Box 908 Lawton . Box 487 Cherokee Nation Principal Chief . But following Congressional passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 under President Andrew Jackson, the federal government embarked on a program of removal of tribes from the Southeast in order to enable European-American settlement. Influenza and malaria were additional new diseases that caused many deaths among the Caddo.[16]. Now, the Bureau of Indian Affairs is investigating a late night break-in at the tribal . Both factions have appeared and are represented by legal counsel (Doc. De Soto's force had a violent clash with one band of Caddo Indians, the Tula people, near present-day Caddo Gap, Arkansas. Jericka Handie is a reporter with Gaylord News, a reporting project at the University of Oklahoma Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication. [13], The Caddo creation story, as told in their oral history, says the tribe emerged from a cave, called Chahkanina or "the place of crying," located at the confluence of the Red River of the South and Mississippi River (in northern present-day Louisiana). BINGER, Okla. - Members of the Caddo Nation are fighting among themselves at the headquarters near Binger. Touch device . Due to the Caddo's neutrality and their importance as a source of information for the Louisiana Territory government, the US forces left them alone. The Caddo peoples moved west along the Red River, which they called Bah'hatteno in Caddo. Her daughter, Tamara Michele Francis, was elected in 2015, following a time of high divisions. His wife carried corn and pumpkin seeds. As of 2021 the tribal council consists of: The tribe has several programs to invigorate Caddo culture. Gathered items included corn, sunflowers, beans, melons, tobacco, and squash during the warm seasons. In 1859, many of the Caddo were relocated again to Indian Territory north of Texas, in present-day Oklahoma. Caddo people primarily settled near the Caddo River. Among these records are: Tribally owned 2,602.64 acres. Stitts second term, we hope he will accept our invitation to work cooperatively on issues that affect our communities, while respecting tribal sovereignty and the economic and cultural contributions tribes make to our great state. Chief Gary Batton, who did not attend the inauguration because of prior plans. DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES FOR THE FORMER CIMARRON FUEL FABRICATION FACILITY (DOCKET NUMBER: 70-0925) Dear Chairman Francis-Fourkiller: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) received, by letter dated November 5, 2018, a In the latter two towns, early explorers and settlers kept the original Caddo names of the villages. <> stream [1] [2], Caddo NationP.O. . The area for their reservation in East Texas had been lightly settled by Mexican colonists, but there was rapidly increasing immigration of European Americans here. During the 20th century, Caddo leaders such as Melford Williams, Harry Guy, Hubert Halfmoon, and Vernon Hunter have helped shape the tribe. Due to the Caddo's neutrality and their importance as a source of information for the Louisiana Territory government, they were left alone. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is northeast Texas, west Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. Box 487Binger, OK 73009Phone: 405-656-2344Website, 1714: French trading post at Caddoan village at Natchitodes, 1844: Choctaw expelled the Caddo as "Indian Intruders", 1854: Many moved to Brazos Reserve, Texas, 1859: Removal by Superintendent Robert S. Neighbors, on a reservation near the Washita River in Indian Territory - now Caddo County, Oklahoma, 1861: Signed a treaty with the Confederate States, those loyal to the Union fled to Kansas until 1867, 1865: Caddo were scouts for the U.S. Army, 1872: Caddo-Wichita Reservation established. Her mother, Mary Pat Francis, was the first elected female chairman of the Caddo. French traders built their trading posts and associated forts near Caddo villages. [2] Prior to European contact, they were the Caddoan Mississippian culture, who constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory, flourishing about 800 to 1400 CE. endobj [16], The Osage in particular fought the Caddo, pushed them out of some former territory, and became dominant in the region of present-day Missouri, Arkansas, and eastern Kansas. Click below to visit Community News for the latest news, events and announcements. On the 17th day of the new year of 1938, surviving adult members of the old Caddo Nation's three branchesCaddo, Hasinai,Natchitochesvoted to accept . In the Court of Indian Offenses ("CIO") action: a. Learn who we are and how we can help our members wherever they may live. "Our relationship with the state of Oklahoma is an indispensable one. The Council consists of Chairman Francis, Vice Chairman Carol D. Ross, Acting Secretary Philip Martin, Treasurer Marilyn McDonald, Oklahoma City Representative Jennifer Wilson, Binger Representative Marilyn Threlkeld, Fort Cobb Representative Maureen Owings. According to historical documents, the early Caddo lived on the Red River and East Texas in small, rural communities along rivers and streams. The territory had already been settled by numerous European Americans outside the tribal territories. [22], In 1835 the Kadohadacho, the northernmost Caddo confederacy, signed a treaty with the US to relocate to independent Mexico (which then included present-day Texas). [12], Archeological evidence has confirmed that the cultural continuity is unbroken from prehistory to the present among these peoples. These wood and clay tools were carved and molded to help with daily jobs like cooking meals for the tribe. I will keep these conversations in mind as we move forward to identify programs and services that will deliver the level of assistance our tribal members deserve. The American Rescue Plan Act sets out the categories of spending that tribal governments can lawfully pursue with their allocations. The Caddo Nation was eventually awarded $32,921,485.70 of American Rescue Plan funds on May 28. *ba-`Q5!@I$Q)i\1*YURr*29T 3. go to CAREERS Available Positions The Caddo are thought to be an extension of Woodland period peoples, the Fourche Maline and Mossy Grove cultures, whose members were living in the area of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas areas between 200 BCE and 800 CE. All rights reserved. Reach her at [email protected] or 405-347-3534. 9 0 obj When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. I care deeply about our Caddo people and want to use my knowledge and experience to help cohesively move us forward as a tribe. But, I also recognize that respect is a two-way street. Washington, DC 20005 Tel: 202.63.2.7003 Fax: . "[2] Tribal governments were dismantled at this time, and Native Americans were expected to act as state and US citizens. To respond to the public health emergency with respect to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) or its negative economic impacts, including assistance to households, small businesses, and nonprofits, or aid to impacted industries such as tourism, travel and hospitality; to respond to workers performing essential work during the COVID-19 public health emergency by providing premium pay to eligible workers of that State, territory, or Tribal government that are performing such essential work or by providing grants to eligible employers that have eligible workers who perform essential work; for the provision of government services to the extent of the reduction in revenue of such State, territory, or Tribal governments due to the COVID-19 public health emergency relative to revenues collected in the most recent full fiscal year of the State, territory, or Tribal government prior to the emergency; or, to make necessary investments in water, sewer, or broadband infrastructure. In the late 19th century, the Caddo adopted the Ghost Dance religion, which was widespread among American Indian nations in the West. Don is the Owner/President/CEO of CADDO Solutions. The Caddo Nation is the third owner since that time, and the first Native owner. Kraus Reprint Co., 1969. We both have a shared duty, and thats what should motivate us to achieve more together. Principal Chief David Hill. They moved west beginning about 1200 CE after years of warfare with the Haudenosaunee nations in the Ohio River area of present-day Kentucky. The Kiwat Hasinay Foundation is dedicated to preserving and increasing use of the Caddo language.[8]. The Caddo Nation is a confederacy of several Southeastern Native American tribes. Please fill out your Caddo Census form online. Men favored body modifications and ornamentation such as the painting of skin, jewelry, ear piercing, and hair decorations, like braids, adorned with bird feathers or animal fur. The Natchitoches lived in now northern Louisiana, the Haisinai lived in East Texas, and the Kadohadacho lived near the border of Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. During my first 30-days as your Chairman, I am honored to have had the opportunity to meet with so many well-wishers and supporters of our great Caddo Nation. No. Leonard "Tony" Williams, Chairman 1992. These conversations are important to our Nation as we continue to lay groundwork and build upon the legacy of previous Administrations. In a statement issued through the tribe's attorney, Caddo Nation Chairman Tamara Francis- [30], Operation of the tribe was split between two factions. The term of the officers shall be for four years, except as provided in section 1 of Article VII. The Caddo Nation was previously known as the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma. [18][19] Most tools and items were made by women. Whitebread, a Caddo leader, said, "because of their peaceful lives and friendship to the white man, and through their ignorance were not consulted, and have been ignored and stuck away in a corner and allowed to exist by sufferance. With more than 23 years of experience and a roughly 25,000 item-catalog of ergonomic workplace products and printing services, Denver-based CADDO continuously strives to provide a seamless office product and printing network for customers across the nation. Under the federal Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 and the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act of 1936, the Caddo restored their tribal government. They speak the Caddo language. My first week in office, the Caddo Nation received notification from the U.S. Department of Treasury about the availability of American Rescue Plan funds.
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caddo nation chairman 2023